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The New York State College of Forestry, the first professional school of forestry in North America, opened its doors at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, in the autumn of 1898.〔http://foresthistory.org/Publications/FHT/FHT1998/cornell.pdf〕 After just a few years of operation, it was defunded in 1903, by Governor Benjamin B. Odell, in response to public outcry over the College's controversial forestry practices in the Adirondacks. Less than a decade later, in 1911, the New York State College of Forestry was reestablished at Syracuse University by the New York State Legislature, with a mandate for forest conservation.〔Reznikoff, pp. 1080-5.〕 The institution has continued to evolve and is now part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system, while still closely related and immediately adjacent to Syracuse University. Today, the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, or SUNY-ESF, is a doctoral degree-granting institution based in Syracuse, New York, with facilities and forest properties in several additional locations in upstate New York and Costa Rica; it commemorated its centennial anniversary in 2011. ==Founding at Cornell University== The New York State College of Forestry, the first professional school of forestry in North America, was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, "by an act of the New York State Legislature in April 1898."〔New York State Archives. 2004. "New York State College of Forestry pamphlets: Overview of the Records". Available: http://iarchives.nysed.gov/xtf/view?docId=20-1-401.xml. Accessed February 13, 2010.〕 Along with the establishment of the College, the legislature also provided for the purchase of of forest in the Adirondack mountains, the Axton tract near Upper Saranac Lake, from the Santa Clara Lumber Company, for $165,000.〔Donaldson, pp. 202-207.〕 This act came as an enlightened response to the devastation being wrought at the time by indiscriminate logging not only in New York,〔Prattsville, New York〕 but also in Pennsylvania, Michigan ("the lands that nobody wanted"),〔Schmaltz, Norman J. 1983. "The land nobody wanted: the dilemma of Michigan's cut-over lands", ''Michigan History Magazine'', Vol. 67 Jan/Feb, pp. 32-40.〕 Wisconsin, and elsewhere. This was not Cornell University's first venture into forestry. Almost forty years earlier, under the 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act, the Federal land grant scrip for New York state of 989,920 acres was given to Cornell,〔History of Cornell University〕〔()〕 to the later chagrin of the trustees of Syracuse and New York Universities. As a matter of fact, Genesee College, the forerunner of Syracuse University, accepted $25,000 from Ezra Cornell to drop its opposition to the proceeds from the Morrill Land grant going to Cornell University.〔History of Cornell University#Establishment〕 Ezra Cornell, under advice from lumberman trustee Henry W. Sage, wisely parlayed the grant into ownership of Wisconsin pine lands that he held until the wanton logging was diminished and the price for lumber increased, providing a substantial endowment for the university.〔Gates, Paul W. 1943. ''The Wisconsin Pine Lands of Cornell University: A Study in Land Policy and Absentee Ownership''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.〕 Dr. Bernhard Fernow, then chief of the USDA's Division of Forestry, was invited to head the new College. In preparation for assuming this new post, Fernow visited George Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate, where Dr. Carl Schenck was establishing the Biltmore Forest School. Fernow saw the mission of forestry education as different, if complementary, to that envisioned by Schenk. In subsequent correspondence with Schenck, Fernow wrote that "the Cornell School of Forestry 'shall greatly lack in practical demonstration' and variety of demonstrations", and inquired whether "Cornell students () supplement their education by summer courses at Biltmore."〔Biltmore Company, The. 2003. "Finding Aid for Biltmore Estate Forestry Department's Managers, Series F". Asheville, NC. Available: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/forestry/biltmore/tbc2_f.html. Accessed: February 13, 2010.〕 Fernow resigned his Federal appointment in July 1898 to come to Ithaca. "At ten o'clock on the morning of September 22 or 23, 1898, in a classroom in Morrill Hall",〔Rodgers, ''Bernhard Eduard Fernow'', p. 262.〕 classes commenced at the New York College of Forestry, "the first professional school of forestry in North America", according to Professor Ralph Hosmer.〔Maunder, Elwood R. September 26, 1960. "Oral History Interview with Ralph S. Hosmer". Forest History Society. Available: http://www.foresthistory.org/Research/HOSMER60.pdf. Accessed: February 13, 2010.〕 Just two years later, in the fall of 1900, the New York State College of Forestry had 24 students; Biltmore nine students in its 12-month program; and Yale's new postgraduate forestry program, seven.〔Sparhawk, W.N. 1950. "The History of Forestry in America". Pp. 710 in ''Trees: Yearbook of Agriculture, 1949''. Washington, D.C. Available: https://archive.org/strea/treesyearbookofa00unitrich.〕 A fruitful marriage or hybridization between German methods (Professor Bernhard Fernow) and American practice of forestry, silviculture came about in the person of Raphael Zon, an emigre' from Simbirsk, Russia. Part of North America's very first graduating class in forestry from the New York State College of Forestry at Cornell in 1901, Zon later became a "giant" among American foresters,〔http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p053/rmrs_p053_363_370.pdf〕 or as Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard said, the "dean of all foresters of America."〔http://www.foresthistory.org/Publications/JofFH/schmaltz_pt2.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the New York State College of Forestry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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